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Novel growth factors have often been given names which relate to their original site of discovery or their first known target cell or biological action. Subsequent studies have frequently shown such nomenclature to be misleading as more is learned about the factor concerned. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) which in fact act as mitogens for a great variety of cell types and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) which is better recognized as a growth inhibitor are all typical examples. Moreover, in addition to their growth regulatory roles, peptide growth factors also serve to modulate cell differentiation and function. The recently characterized hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) joins this illustrious family of cytokines which have proven rather more versatile than their original descriptive title suggests.

Characterization: Hepatocyte growth factor was originally identified and characterized by three independent experimental approaches.

(a) Michalopoulos described a mitogenic activity in the serum of

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