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The purpose of this communication is to present some novel insights into putative mechanisms underlying autocrine cell growth control. These concepts are founded on sequence homologies between cellular growth factors and viral oncoproteins as determined by previous studies (Waterfield et al. 1983) and our recent work (Radulescu & Wendtner, 1992), as well as experimental data demonstrating the profound impact of hormones/growth factors and their fragments on cell differentiation and proliferation (Sporn & Roberts, 1985; Rosen, 1987; Cross & Dexter, 1991).

Proposed interaction between insulin and retinoblastoma protein: An important factor was our recent discovery of the sequence leucine-X-cysteine-X-glutamic acid (LXCXE; X = any amino acid) in the B-chain of the pancreatic hormone insulin (Radulescu & Wendtner, 1992). This sequence is identical with the motif proven to be essential for binding of viral oncoproteins to retinoblastoma protein (RB) (Jones et al. 1992), a tumour suppressor gene product shown to be crucially involved