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These studies investigated a number of possible mechanisms which could mediate the increase in plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones after a meal in young growing pigs. It has been established that in animals fed one meal a day, an immediate rise in plasma 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T₃) and a slightly delayed increase in thyroxine (T₄) levels are followed by a more sustained peak in both hormones several hours later. The increase in thyroid hormones involves both total and free T₃ and T₄, and there is no change in plasma albumin, the high-capacity thyroid hormone-binding protein in the pig. It has also been shown that the immediate rise in plasma T₃ is not mediated either by an increase in plasma glucose concentration or by neural mechanisms associated with distension of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the finding that plasma T₃ increases rapidly after feeding in thyroidectomized animals maintained on a replacement dose of T₄ alone, indicates the source of T₃ to be non-thyroidal.

It is concluded that the rise in plasma thyroid hormones after a meal depends on the energy content of the food but not directly on the circulating glucose levels. The immediate increases in plasma T₃ and T₄ are probably due largely to a redistribution of the hormonal pools, and peripheral 5'-monodeiodination of T₄ may also contribute significantly to the post-prandial rise in T₃. The potential significance of these findings in relation to both the metabolic and growth-promoting effects of thyroid hormones is discussed.

Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 131–141

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