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In order to assess the role of the suckling stimulus in the regulatory mechanism of body weight and food consumption of lactating rats, changes in body weight and food intake under various conditions were investigated.

The results of the changes in food intake during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation, and after weaning were consistent with those reported by previous workers. The rate of increase in body weight was similar during dioestrus, early pregnancy, early lactation and after ovariectomy. Food consumption of mother rats was maintained at the lactating level for 24 hr. after the removal of suckling pups on the 12th day of lactation, then it rapidly decreased. Resumption of suckling by foster litters, 5 days after removal of the original litters, caused increase in body weight and food intake as well as the restoration of lactation in both normal and ovariectomized animals. The rate of increase in body weight arising from the resumption of suckling was similar to that observed in the ovariectomized rats that were not resuckled after removal of the litters. The increase in body weight in the resuckled rats was not necessarily associated with the enhanced food intake. In spite of vigorous suckling by pups, food intake of the resuckled animals did not show a progressive increase as in normal lactating mothers until the function of mammary glands was restored and sufficient milk was produced to increase the weight of the foster litters. After restoration of lactation food consumption of the resuckled mothers increased progressively, the increase being closely related to increased milk secretion.

The greater food intake in the resuckled rats than in the non-resuckled animals, even before restoration of milk secretion, seems to indicate a direct stimulating effect of the suckling stimulus on appetite; consumption of energy associated with milk secretion is also considered to be one of the main factors in inducing the enhanced food intake in lactating rats. A further possibility that the suckling stimulus participates in the regulation of body weight and food consumption in lactating animals by changing the ovarian function is discussed.