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In hypophysectomized rats, with and without pituitary autografts, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) induced an increase in ovarian and uterine weights on the day after a number of injections. In hypophysectomized rats, ovarian and uterine weights remained higher than those of controls 35 days after the final HCG injection but this difference was statistically significant for uterine weight only. In rats with pituitary autografts, both ovarian and uterine weights were below control values 35 days after the final injection. HCG treatment stimulated an increase in size of corpora lutea and proliferation of interstitial cells, but no apparent follicle development in hypophysectomized rats. All three ovarian structures were stimulated by similar treatment of rats with pituitary autografts. Continuous daily injections of HCG for 4–48 days in rats with pituitary autografts resulted in progressive increases in ovarian and uterine weights reaching a maximum at 12 days. Large antral follicles, in addition to large corpora lutea and proliferated interstitial cells, were observed at 12 days. At 24 and 48 days, ovarian but not uterine weights were significantly below control values. All ovarian structures were in a state of degeneration, which was most pronounced at 48 days. The lowest effective HCG dose that induced the vaginal cornification and an increase in uterine weight in hypophysectomized rats was 1 i.u. This dose caused slight but nonsignificant increases in ovarian and uterine weights in rats with pituitary autografts. However, sharp decreases in ovarian and uterine weights and a degeneration of ovarian structures resulted 35 days after treatment.