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The intensity of the reaction for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in the uterine epithelial cells is increased by oestrogen in the mouse (Atkinson & Elftman, 1946), monkey (Atkinson & Engle, 1947) and rat (Pritchard, 1949). Reports of the influence of progesterone on the response to oestrogen are conflicting. Administered to the intact rat during pro-oestrus it reduces the alkaline phosphatase reaction (Pritchard, 1949), and similarly when given concurrently with oestrogen in the monkey causes a reduction in the response (Atkinson & Engle, 1947). In the mouse, Atkinson & Elftman (1946) report that progesterone does not affect the response to oestradiol. Their conclusions, however, are based on experiments using very large doses of oestradiol (daily injection of 1 µg. oestradiol benzoate for 3 days) which may not reproduce a uterine reaction found in any physiological situation. The present experiments were undertaken to study the effect of progesterone on the distribution and