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There is now good evidence that hormones can affect the activity or responsiveness of hypothalamic neurones in the intact brain (Cross & Silver, 1966; Beyer & Sawyer, 1969) and in diencephalic islands (Cross & Dyer, 1970). The latter authors used the technique of Cross & Kitay (1967), which ensures complete neural isolation and constant anatomical contents of the islands. This paper reports the effect of removal of endogenous pituitary hormones on spontaneous activity of hypothalamic neurones in such islands.

Forty Wistar rats weighing 200–240 g and showing regular 4-day oestrous cycles were used. Thirty rats were anaesthetized with ether and placed in a Hoffman—Reiter Hypophysectomy Instrument (Model H-200, H. Neumann and Co., Illinois). Twenty of the animals had their pituitaries removed by suction via a needle inserted through the hollow ear-bar into the sellae turcicae. The remaining ten rats served as sham-operated controls and in these the needle was