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Recent in-vivo studies made by Deshpande, Jensen, Carson, Bulbrook & Doouss (1970) concerned with the synthesis of androgens by the human adrenal gland have again emphasized the equivocal nature of the results available on this subject. The present communication describes how results contrary to those obtained in vivo were derived from investigations in vitro: this prompts us to suggest that further studies are necessary on the control of androgen production. Evidence has been obtained (Ichii, Forchielli, Cassidy, Rosoff & Dorfman, 1962; Kase & Kowal, 1962; Ward & Grant, 1963) for the presence in various pathological types of human adrenal tissue of the enzyme systems necessary for the conversion of progesterone to adrenal androgens, while Deshpande et al. (1970) showed that in vivo, 17-hydroxyprogesterone rather than dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) is the more important precursor of androstenedione. On the other hand Cohn & Mulrow (1963) showed in both hyperplastic and neoplastic adrenal tissue