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In view of the possible involvement of catecholamines in prolactin release, and hence in lactation, four biogenic compounds, L-noradrenaline bitartrate (Sigma), dopamine HC1 (Sigma), 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate (5-HT) (May & Baker) and melatonin (Upjohn) were tested for their effect on the yield and composition of milk in the New Zealand White rabbit. Twenty-two lactating rabbits were used. The young were separated from their mothers on the 7th day of lactation and their number adjusted to between six and eight. Litters were allowed to suckle once each morning after their mothers had received 0·5 i.u. oxytocin i.v., and daily milk yield was calculated from the difference in weight of the litter before and after suckling. On the 9th day of lactation rabbits were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium B.P. i.v., and under aseptic conditions a permanent stainless steel cannula was implanted into the brain so that the tip lay in the median