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It is generally accepted that the hypothalamus regulates gonadotrophin secretion by means of specific mediators synthesized in the hypothalamus (Martini, Fraschini & Motta, 1968) and usually called releasing factors. Considering that the gonadotrophin releasing factors are probably peptides (Schally, Arimura, Bowers, Kastin, Sawano & Redding, 1968) and that it is possible to demonstrate an alteration in the amount of these substances in the hypothalamus after gonadectomy (Piacsek & Meites, 1966; Watanabe & McCann, 1969), it was of interest to determine the RNA and protein content of the anterior, middle and posterior hypothalamus in normal and in castrated rats.

Male albino rats fed on the standard diet of the Instituto de Fisiología and weighing 150–180 g were used. Light and temperature were controlled (25 °C, 12 h light and 12 h darkness). Food and water were available ad libitum. Gonadectomy was performed 6 weeks before the animals were decapitated and the