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The initiation of lactation is a complex phenomenon involving the interaction of a number of hormones (see Cowie, 1966; Meites, 1967). Several experiments with hypophysectomized, ovariectomized and/or adrenalectomized mice (Nandi, 1959), rats (Lyons, Li & Johnson, 1958) and guinea-pigs (Nelson & Gaunt, 1937) indicate that the primary hormones involved in the initiation of lactation are prolactin and cortisol or corticosterone. Adrenal steroids stimulate secretory activity in the mammary glands of pregnant rats (Talwalker, Nicoll & Meites, 1961). In the mouse, Nandi & Bern (1961) suggested that inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids was the limiting factor in initiating mammary secretion during pregnancy. Cortisol acetate alone in pregnant rabbits (Talwaker et al. 1961) and prolactin alone in adrenalectomized rabbits (Cowie & Watson, 1966), can stimulate secretory activity. We have tried to find the hormonal requirements for lactogenesis in the guinea-pig.

Thirty-five adult male guinea-pigs were castrated under ether anaesthesia. Beginning 2 days after