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Radiometric estimations of adenyl cyclase and cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase showed significantly higher enzyme activities in the islet tissue of obese-hyperglycaemic mice than in that of their normal litter mates, but the ratios of the two enzymes in both types of islets were found to be the same, i.e. 1:1.

Adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity increased linearly with incubation time and protein concentration. Sodium fluoride (10 mmol/1) increased cyclase activity in the islets of obese mice by 33·4%; theophylline (10 mmol/1) in the presence of cAMP (1 mmol/1) reduced phosphodiesterase activity by almost 100%.

Glucose (2 g/1) reduced, while adrenaline (10^–5 mol/1) increased cyclase activity in islets from both normal and obese animals. An evaluation of the effects of - and β-adrenergic receptor stimulating and blocking agents on islets of both normal and obese mice showed the stimulation of adenyl cyclase to be a β-adrenergic receptor function and the inhibition an -adrenergic receptor function. The possible role of the adenyl cyclase system in diabetes mellitus and insulin secretion is discussed.