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Six groups each of 12 male albino rats were reared from day 21 of life at temperatures of 23, 34 or 37 °C. While the rats survived for unlimited periods at 23 and 34 °C, the animals reared at 37 °C succumbed within 5 days to heat stress. The latter group, when injected s.c. or i.p. with 50 mg dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA)/kg/day were no longer affected by the heat. During this treatment thyroid epithelial cell height doubled, colloid decreased by 20%, connective tissue did not change, the basic metabolic rate decreased by 10% and rectal temperatures of the treated rats increased with the ambient temperatures. Body weight increased only slightly, pituitary TSH decreased by 25%, serum TSH increased by over 50%, thyroxine and ¹²⁵I uptake increased by 200%. The survival of the DHA-treated rats was apparently secured by blocking the hypothalamic thermoreceptors.