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Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.

(Received 30 June 1976)

A possible direct effect of prolactin on the uterus has been proposed by some workers (Leung & Sasaki, 1973; Joseph & Mubako, 1975). In-vitro studies (Leung & Sasaki, 1973) demonstrated that prolactin facilitated the uptake of [³H] oestradiol into uterine tissue. Whether this is due to a specific increase in oestradiol receptors in uterine tissue or to some other mechanism has not been clarified. To examine the in-vivo effects of prolactin on the specific oestradiol receptors in the uterus we designed the following experiments.

Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-170 g) were ovariectomized. Ovine prolactin (Sigma Chemical Co.) was dissolved in physiological saline and injected (1 mg in 0·1 ml saline) once (morning) or twice (morning and afternoon) daily. In Expt 1, prolactin was injected once daily for 5 days