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Follicular cells isolated from normal human thyroid tissue have been cultured for up to 140 h with bovine thyrotrophin (TSH) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP). Both compounds induced marked reorganization of the cells into three-dimensional follicular structures, whilst non-supplemented cells assumed a monolayer form.

Cultures treated initially with TSH or DBcAMP showed a greater iodide uptake capacity, in comparison with unsupplemented cultures, in which iodide uptake was markedly diminished after 24 h.

The release of tri-iodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄) into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Both TSH- and DBcAMP-treated cells showed a significant increase in iodothyronine output compared with unsupplemented control cells.

In contrast to the 'classical' TSH-induced depression of the T₄:T₃ ratio in vivo, an increase in the ratio was observed for both TSH- and DBcAMP-supplemented cells in vitro. The ratio was also significantly greater after TSH than after DBcAMP, and possible implications of this finding are discussed.