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Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Montana College, Billings, Montana 59101, U.S.A.

(Received 11 June 1976)

Approximately 130 free-roaming wild horses (Equus caballus) inhabit the Pryor Mountains of Montana-Wyoming. Certain anatomical features, such as size, build, hoof structure and number of lumbar vertebrae are sufficiently different from domestic breeds to warrant considering the wild horse as a distinct variety (Hall, 1973). The striking differences between these wild horses and domestic horses are most probably the result of selective breeding in the domestic group and natural selection by the harsh environment in the wild group.

The purpose of the present study was to measure seasonal plasma testosterone and total 17µ-hydroxyandrogens to make a comparison with domestic horses. The Pryor Mountain wild horses breed seasonally from late March to mid-July with peak activity occurring in early May. Thirty-four sexually mature (3 years or older) stallions were captured on their home range, during September,