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Urinary steroids and steroid conjugates were measured in the squirrel monkey (Saimuri sciureus). The principal steroids excreted were cortisol, 11β,17,20β,21-tetrahydroxy-4pregnen-3-one (20β-dihydrocortisol), 11β,17,20,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-dihydrocortisol), - and β-cortol and - and β-cortolone. The majority of the steroids were excreted unconjugated and a conspicuous feature of the pattern was the large amount of urinary free cortisol. Unlike man there was an insignificant excretion of 3,17,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnane-11,20-dione (tetrahydrocortisone) and 3,11β,17,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydrocortisol). A steroid not previously identified in urine from any species was one of the major glucuronide conjugates; it was characterized as having the structure 3β,17,20,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one. Administration of dexamethasone resulted in complete suppression of steroid output, whilst the response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone was inconstant.