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Department of Physiology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF and * Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Human Reproduction, King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London, S.E.5

(Received 17 August 1977)

In children with gonadal dysgenesis (45, XO), the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are greatly raised during infancy, fall between the ages of 6–10 years to approach the values for normal children and then rise sharply at about the time puberty would have been expected (Penny, Guyda, Baghdassarian, Johanson & Blizzard, 1970; Conte, Grumbach & Kaplan, 1972; Grumbach, Roth, Kaplan & Kelch, 1972; Kelch, Conte, Kaplan & Grumbach, 1972; Job, Garner, Chaussian, Scholler, Toublanc & Calorbe, 1974). The cause of the 'pubertal' rise in gonadotrophin secretion, or of the fall during late infancy, is not known and in order to see whether this effect occurred