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Sherrington School of Physiology and Biochemistry Department, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, SEI and * Department of Pharmacology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, WC1

(Received 26 August 1977)

Substance P is present in the hypothalamus in relatively high concentrations. Its release is K⁺-evoked and Ca²⁺-dependent (Iversen, Jessell & Kanazawa, 1976) and it may be a neurotransmitter substance in the hypothalamus. We have tested its effect on secretion of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) by the hypothalamus in vitro and on production of corticotrophin (ACTH) by the anterior pituitary gland of the rat both in vivo and in vitro.

Production of CRF by rat hypothalami in vitro was stimulated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or acetylcholine (Gillham, Jones, Hillhouse & Burden, 1975; Buckingham & Hodges, 1977a) in the presence and absence of substance P. The activity of CRF was estimated by measuring cytochemically (Alghband-Zadeh, Daly, Bitensky & Chayen, 1974) the ACTH which