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Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Leeds, LS2 9NL

(Received 10 August 1977)

Oestradiol produces hyperplasia of the rat uterine endometrium whereas anti-oestrogens produce hypertrophy (Kang, Anderson & DeSombre, 1975). At the subcellular level, oestradiol stimulates an increase in the concentration of progesterone receptors (Milgrom & Baulieu, 1970) and we have now compared the response to oestradiol with that to two non-steroidal anti-oestrogens, tamoxifen (trans-1-(4-β-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1, 2-diphenyl-but-1-ene) and monohydroxytamoxifen (1-(4-β-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-but-1-ene; Jordan, Collins, Rowsby & Prestwich, 1977).

Mature female rats (130–150 g, Alderley Park strain) were ovariectomized under ether anaesthesia and used for experiments 4 days later. Oestradiol-17β (5 µg), tamoxifen (50 µg) and monohydroxytamoxifen (50 µg) were injected s.c. in 0·1 ml arachis oil and the animals were killed after 6, 24, 48 or 72 h. Controls received arachis oil alone. Uteri were dissected out and weighed wet on a torsion balance. Tissues were homogenized (4 °C) in 2 ml Tris