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The Research Institute, Smith Kline & French Laboratories Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, Herts., AL7 1EY

(Received 11 February 1978)

Treatment with oestradiol induces vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability in the uterus of the intact immature or gonadectomized adult rat. These vascular changes result in an increase in the wet weight of the uterus 4–6 h after treatment. Oestradiol itself is not vasoactive and histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandins have been proposed as mediators of the vascular effects of oestrogens (see Spaziani, 1975). Oestradiol is known to release histamine and 5-HT from uterine mast cells (McKercher, Van Orden, Bhatnagar & Burke, 1973) and to raise the uterine prostaglandin content (Aizawa, Kogo, Yamada & Sakai, 1974) within 6 h of administration to the ovariectomized rat. Some of the vascular actions of oestrogen in the rat uterus have been reported to be inhibited by intrauterine administration of lysergic acid diethylamide, an antagonist of