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Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan and *Department of Zoology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.

(Received 24 April 1978)

Recent studies have demonstrated that neonatal exposure of female mice to oestradiol-17β, testosterone, diethylstilboestrol and 5β-dihydrotestosterone results in increased plasma levels of prolactin in animals as old as 15 months (Yanai, Mori & Nagasawa, 1977; Nagasawa, Mori, Yanai, Bern & Mills, 1978). Treatment with these hormones (Mori, Bern, Mills & Young, 1976; Jones & Bern, 1977; Nagawasa et al. 1978) or with progesterone (Jones & Bern, 1977; Jones, Bern & Wong, 1977) also results in normal and neoplastic stimulation of the mammary gland, which is dependent on the presence of the ovaries. The present communication provides data on plasma levels of prolactin in old female mice treated neonatally with oestradiol or progesterone or both steroids and the effects