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The pineal indole 5-methoxytryptophol (ML) has been shown to have an antigonadal activity when administered to experimental animals, but data on its normal pattern of secretion have been lacking. Using a new gas chromatography–mass spectrometry assay, the concentration of ML at various phases of the human menstrual cycle has been studied. Daily samples were obtained throughout the month from five women with a normal cycle and two women taking an oral contraceptive. In women with a normal cycle levels of ML were found to be significantly lower in the last third of their cycle; this change was not seen in women taking an oral contraceptive who had low levels throughout the month. The changes in concentration of ML did not correlate with the changes in concentration of gonadotrophins.