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An antiserum to partially purified ovine FSH (but essentially free of LH) bound ¹²⁵I-labelled ovine LH or bovine TSH. The antibody was directed exclusively against determinants in the subunit. In a radioimmunoassay, only the intact ovine and bovine hormones and their subunits were reactive; the hormone specific β subunits exhibited no cross-reaction. The antibody directed against the subunit was highly dependent on conformation. Human LH, FSH, TSH or their subunits did not cross-react in the radioimmunoassay. Structural modifications such as acylation of the amino groups, reduction and alkylation of the S—S-bridges, or performic acid oxidation of the intact ovine FSH, LH or their subunits virtually eliminated immunological reactivity. Using the subunit radioimmunoassay, the presence of a significant quantity of free intact subunit in standard (NIH) preparations of TSH-B7, FSH-S10 and LH-S19 was demonstrated.