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Theophylline alone or in the presence of 0·001, 0·01, 0·1 or 1 µg oestradiol-17β/100 g body wt increased uterine RNA and protein content 6 h after administration. Uterine oedema induced by physiological doses of oestradiol-17β was increased further in the presence of theophylline.

Theophylline decreased the number of eosinophils in the blood and concurrently decreased oestrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia at doses of 0·01,0·1, 1,10 or 30 µg oestradiol-17β/100 g body wt. Oestrogen binding by uterine eosinophils in vitro increased in the presence of theophylline. This effect of theophylline could explain the increase of oestrogen-induced uterine oedema in vivo.